Question

discuss the endothermic heart of a mammal. inabout 500 words.
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Answer 1

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Virtually all mammals are endothermic. Endothermy is the ability of an organism to generate and conserve heat in order to maintain a stable, warm body temperature. This ability is commonly referred to as warm-bloodedness. Another term that is used to refer to endothermic animals is homeothermy. Although homeothermy and endothermy are often used interchangeably, their meanings are not exactly the same. Homeothermy is the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal body temperature, regardless of the temperature of the environment. This may require the ability to lose excess heat as well as the ability to generate and conserve heat. Most mammals have both abilities.

Generating Heat

Mammals generate heat primarily by maintaining a high metabolic rate. The metabolic rate is the speed at which chemical reactions occur in the cells of the body. A faster rate of chemical reactions in body cells results in the production of more heat. For example, doubling the metabolic rate leads to an increase of about 10oC in body temperature. How are mammals able to maintain such high metabolic rates? Mammalian cells have many more mitochondria than the cells of other vertebrates. Mitochondria are the “power plants” of cells. They generate most of the cells’ ATP, which is their main source of chemical energy. Having more of these tiny power plants in their cells enables mammals to produce the extra energy needed to maintain a high metabolic rate.

Mammals can also temporarily generate more heat by shivering. Shivering is involuntary muscular activity that converts some of the body’s energy to heat. Like most responses that regulate body temperature in mammals, shivering is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus senses internal body temperature directly. It also has input from temperature sensors in the skin. When the temperature is too low, the hypothalamus signals muscles to contract. This muscular activity produces heat. The next time you shiver, notice how most of the muscles in your body seem to tighten up all at at once. The many simultaneous muscle contractions can generate a significant amount of heat.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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