discuss the factor which influence the climate of India
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
10 Factors which influence the climate of India are 1. Location and Latitudinal Extent, 2. Distance from the Sea, 3. The Northern Mountain Ranges, 4. Physiography, 5. Monsoon Winds, 6. Upper Air Circulation, 7. Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances, 8. El-Nino Effect, 9. La Nina, 10. Southern Oscillation !
Answer :
Latitude: The Tropic of Cancer passes through India 23° 26′ N to the north of Equator. It passes through eight Indian states running from the Rann of Kutch from Gujarat to Mizoram in the east. The Tropic of Cancer divides the country into two halves. The areas in India, which lie to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, lie in the sub-tropical regions while areas to the south of the tropic lie in the tropical regions. Temperatures remain high throughout the tropical regions.
Altitude: As we go above the sea level, the temperature starts declining. Thus temperature decreases with an increase in altitude. There is a decrease of 10°C for every 166 m rise in the height. This is the reason that hill stations are cooler than plains.
Air Pressure and Surface Winds: India lies in the region of north easterly winds. However as these winds blow over land, they carry very little moisture and cause no rainfall.
During winters, a high pressure area is created to the north of the Himalayas. Cold winds blow from this region to the low pressure areas to the south over the oceans.
During summers, as a low pressure area develops over Central Asia, there is complete reversal of the direction of the winds. Wind moves from high pressure areas over the Southern Indian ocean. As these winds blow over the warm ocean, they gather moisture and bring rainfall to the country.
Relief Features: Many relief features such as the mountains affect the climate of India. Himalayas greatly influence the climate of the country. It acts as a barrier to the cold winds which arise from Central Asia. Without the Himalayas, the climate of northern India would have become freezing cold. They also act as a barrier to the monsoon winds bringing rainfall to regions lying on the wind ward side.
Surrounding Seas: India is a peninsular country with its three sides surrounded by water bodies. Coastal areas experience moderate influence of the seas. The regions located far away from the sea experience an extreme climate.
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