Question

Discuss the factors affecting the rate of enzyme activity

Answer 1

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Factor # 1. Concentration of Enzyme:

As the concentration of the enzyme is increased, the velocity of the reaction proportionately increases (Fig. 66.1). In fact, this property of enzyme is made use in determining the activities of serum enzymes for diagnosis of diseases.

Factor # 2. Concentration of Substrate:

Increase in the substrate concentration gradually increases the velocity of enzyme reaction within the limited range of substrate levels. A rectangular hyperbola is obtained when velocity is plotted against the substrate concentration .

Factor # 3. Effect of Temperature:

Velocity of an enzyme reaction increases with increase in temperature up to a maximum and then declines. 

Factor # 3. Effect of Temperature:

Velocity of an enzyme reaction increases with increase in temperature up to a maximum and then declines. 

Factor # 4. Effect of pH:

Increase in the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) considerably influences the enzyme activity and a bell-shaped curve is normally obtained 


Factor # 5. Effect of Product Concentration:

The accumulation of reaction products generally decreases the enzyme velocity. For certain’ enzymes, the products combine with the active site of enzyme and form a loose complex and, thus, inhibit the enzyme activity. In the living system, this type of inhibition is generally prevented by a quick removal of products formed.
Factor # 6. Effect of Activators:

Some of the enzymes require certain inorganic metallic cations like Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Na+, K+ etc. for their optimum activity. Rarely, anions are also needed for enzyme activity e.g. chloride ion (CI–) for amylase.




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