Question

Discuss the factors controlling the Indian climactic conditions.

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Answer 1

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1).Altitude :: when the temperature decreases, the height increases.

2).Latitude :: amount of solar energy received (depends on the distance from the equator)

3).Pressure and wind system :: it depends on the latitude and altitude and influences the temperature anf rainfall pettern.

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Answer 2

1. The Himalaya Mountain Ranges:

The high wall of the Himalaya mountain ranges along with its eastern and western off-shoots act as an effective climatic barrier. They protect India from the extremely cold winds which originate near the Arctic Circle and blow over Central Asia. These cold winds blow during the winter season.

3. Impact of Prevailing Winds:

The monsoons are the prevailing winds over the whole of India. These winds are a unique feature of the climate of India. During the summer season, the monsoon wind covers the entire India and brings rainfall to practically every part of the country.

4. Latitudinal Extent:

The latitudinal extent (from about 8 °N to 37 °N) is an important factor which influences the climatic conditions of this region. The southern half of India lies in the tropical belt close to the Equator, and is surrounded by water bodies.

5. Altitude of the Place:

The temperature decreases with increase in height. For every 1000 metres of ascent, there is a drop of about 6 °C in temperature. Due to this reason, the places in the mountains are cooler than in the plains. Thus, the hill stations, such as Srinagar, Shimla, Mussoorie, Naini Tal, Darjiling, etc. remain cold almost throughout the year. Thus the towns and cities in the plains experience warm climate in comparison to hill stations.

6. Upper Air Circulation:

Higher up in the lower troposphere, about 3 to 5 km, above the sub-tropical high pressure belt, a different pattern of air circulation is observed. During the winter season, the western and central Asia remains under the influence of Westerly winds at an altitude of about 10 to 14 km. These winds blow from west to east, (across the Asian continent) north of the Himalaya mountain ranges and roughly parallel to the Tibetan Highlands. These are known as the Jet Streams.