Discuss the features of india's five years plans in detail
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Democratic:
The first important feature of Indian planning is that it is totally democratic. India being the largest democratic country in the world has been maintaining such a planning set up where every basic issue related to its Five Year Plan is determined by a democratically elected Government.
2. Decentralised Planning:
Although since the inception of First Plan, the importance of decentralised planning was emphasized so as to achieve active people’s participation in the planning process, but the real introduction of decentralised planning was made in India for the first time during the Seventh Plan.
3. Regulatory Mechanism:
Another important feature of Indian planning is that it is being directed by a central planning authority, i.e., the Planning Commission of India which plays the role of regulatory mechanism, so as to provide necessary direction and regulation over the planning system.
4. Existence of Central Plan and State Plan:
Another important feature of Indian planning is that there is the co-existence of both the Central Plan and State Plans. In every Five Year Plan of the country, separate outlay is earmarked both for the Central Plan and also for the State Plans.
5. Public Sector and Private Sector Plan:
Another notable feature of India’s Five Year Plan is that in each plan, a separate outlay is earmarked both for public sector and the private sector. In each five year plan of the country, public sector investment and private sector investment amount is separately fixed, which comprises the total investment in each plan.
6. Periodic Plan:
One of the important features of Indian planning is that it has adopted a periodic plan of 5-year period having five depurate Annual Plan components. This type of periodic plan approach is quite suitable for realizing its definite targets.
7. Basic Objectives:
One of salient features of Indian Five Year Plan is that each and every plan is guided by certain basic or fundamental objectives which are almost common in most of our plans.
The major objectives of economic planning in India mostly consists:
(a) Attainment of higher rate of economic growth
(b) Reduction of economic inequalities
(c) Achieving full employment
(d) Attaining economic self reliance
e) Modernisation of various sectors
(f) Redressing the imbalances in the economy.
In general, Growth with social justice is the main objective of economic planning in India.
8. Unchanging Priorities:
Five year plans in India are determining its priorities considering the needs of the country. It is being observed that Indian Five Year Plans have been giving too many priorities on the development of industry, power and agriculture with minor modifications.
9. Balanced Regional Development:
Another salient feature of India’s Five Year Plan is that it constantly attaches much importance on balanced regional development. Development of backward regions is one of the important objectives of Indian planning. India’s planning system has even isolated some states under “special category states” so as to channelize additional resources to these backward states for their rapid development.
10. Perspective Planning on Basic Issues or Problems:
Another important feature of Indian planning is that it has adopted the system of perspective planning on some basic issues or problems of the country, for a period of 15 to 20 years on the basis of necessary projections.
11. Programme Implementation and Evaluation:
Indian planning system is broadly supported by programme implementation machinery, which used to play a very important role. Programme implementation machinery includes various Government departments which are usually involved for the implementation of the plan. More there is an evaluation machinery which usually conducts pre-project evaluation and post-project evaluation of every planning project of the country.
12. Shortfalls in Target Realization:
Another notable feature of India’s Five Year Plan is its shortfalls in target realization. Although targets are fixed for every plans in respect of rate of growth of national income, employment, population, production of some important items etc. But in most of the cases these targets are not fulfilled to the fullest extent, excluding certain specific cases.