discuss the important features of indo-persian tradition of history-writing under the Mughal rule 500 word
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Answer:
Among the Muslim elite, history was considered as the third important source of knowledge after the religious scripture and jurisprudence.
Therefore, the study and writing of history were accorded great importance after the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the closing years of 12th century. The pioneers of history- writing in the Indo-Persian tradition were Muhammad bin Mansur, popularly known as Fakhr-i Mudabbir.
His writings included a book of genealogies of the Prophet of Islam and the Muslim rulers, including Qutbuddin Aibak. Minhaj Siraj Juzjani was another important historian of the 13th century. However, the most important figure in the Indo-Persian historiography was Ziauddin Barani in the 14th century. His Tarikh-i Firuzshahi is a milestone in the tradition of history- writing in medieval India. It was written for the enlightenment of the rulers of his times. Under the Mughals this tradition of history-writing continued and reached new heights. Abul Fazl, Nizamuddin Ahmad, Abdul Qadir Badauni, Khwaja Kamgar Husaini and Abdul Hamid Lahori were some important historians of the Mughal period.
During the Mughal rule in India, a new tradition of history writing by official chroniclers came into, existence. These chroniclers, appointed by almost all the Mughal emperors till the reign of Aurangzeb, were provided access to the official records that could facilitate them in writing histories. It was the most significant feature of the Indo-Persian tradition of history writing under the Mughal rule.
The Early Writings :
Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, who invaded India and supplanted the Lodi rule by his Own in 1526, was a prolific writer. His
autobiography Tuzuk-i-Baburi, written in Turkish is a literary masterpiece, containing the history of the rise and fall of the Timurid power in central Asia, biographical account about himself, the description of life and culture in India and the diary of events that took place in the course of campaigns he led against his rivals.
Babur’s son and successor, Humayun (1530-1555) was also interested in history. He commissioned a renowned scholar, Khawandmir, to compose the history of his reign. Khawandmir prepared a brief account of Humayun’s reign from his accession up to the year 1535. Qannu-i Humayuni sheds interesting light on Humayun’s state policy, particularly towards the Indian nobles and landed aristocracy.
Akbar’s Reign
Official histories:
With the accession of Akbar (1556-1605) to the throne, important change took place in the concept of history writing. Akbar proposed to have a written history of the Muslim rulers from the death of the prophet up to his own time on the completion of the first millennium of Islam, i.e., a history of one thousand years, called Tarikh-i Alfi. At Akbar’s instance, Gulbadan Begum, the daughter of Babur, wrote Humayunnama which sheds light on the lives and culture of the royal harem. Bayazid Biyat’s Tazkirat-i Humayun wa Akbar and Jauhar Aftabchi’s Tazkirat-ul Waqiat are also important works written at Akbar’s order.
Non-official Histories:
Nizamuddin Ahmad and Abdul Qadir Badauni were the two most important non-official historians of the period. Nizamuddin wrote Tabaqat-i Akbari in three volumes. He mentions all the important events that took place during Akbar’s reign including the controversial Mahzar which Abul Fazl had left out.
Jahangir’s Reign:
Akbar’s son and successor Jahangir wrote autobiographical history of his own reign in the traditions set by Babur. Besides, Qazi Nurul Haque compiled the Zubdatu’t Tawarikh and closed it with the account of Jahangir’s reign. The Zubdatu’t Tawarikh narrates the history of the Muslim rulers of India.
Shah Jahan’s Reign:
Mutamad Khan wrote Iqbalnama-i Jahangiri after Shah Jahan’s accession to the throne. His aim was to justify Shah Jahan’s rebellion against his father. Khwaja Kamgar Husaini’s Maasir-i Jahangiri is an important source for the events that took place during the last years of
Aurangzeb’s Reign :
Aurangzeb appointed Muhammad Kazim to write the history of his reign. His Alamgir Nama reads as a panegyric in prose.’Later on, Saqi Mustaid Khan compiled the history of Aurangzeb’s reign titled Maasir-i Alamgiri.
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