discuss the key features of language
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- Arbitrariness — Arbitrariness is a useful property because it increases the flexibility of language.
- Duality — Language appears to be organized at least at two levels:
- the primary level consisting of the units
- the secondary level consisting of the elements.
- Systematicity— Language is an orderly method of communicating ideas, thoughts, emotions, and so on.
- Structure-dependence — Language appears to have an underlying patterned structure and humans appear to intuitively recognize these patterns.
- Productivity — Many animals respond to stimuli in their environment in predictable ways.
- Displacement
- Language also allows us to think of, and communicate about, something or someone that is not immediately present.
- Specialization
- This key property refers to the fact that language allows us to substitute an arbitrary word for a physical action.
- Cultural transmission
- Language is the means by which humans are able to teach the upcoming generation all that they have learnt to date.
- References — This article is based on definitions of key properties of language drawn from the following texts.
Aitchison, J. (2007) The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics (5 rev edn) London: Routledge.
Aitchison, J. (2007) The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics (5 rev edn) London: Routledge.Yule, G. (2005) The Study of Language (3 rev edn) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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