Question

Discuss the land settlement system introduced under the British rule

Answer 1

Zamindari System:

1. Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.  Also known as Permanent Settlement System.
2. It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.
3. Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.
4. The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

Ryotwari System:

1. Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.
2. Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India.
3. In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.
4. The revenue rates of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land.

Mahalwari System:

1. Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.
2. It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc of British India.
3. The Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.
4. In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.
5. Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.
6. The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.

Answer 2

The given question is we have to discuss about the land settlement system introduced under the British rule

The land settlement means the leasing of land at the disposal of Government.

The land settlement has two meanings:

The allotment of unoccupied land calculated at a fixed rate at a revenue assessment calculations.

The occupied land has been modified at the rates of assessment.

ZAMINDARI SYSTEM(Permanent Land Revenue Settlement)

In this system the Zamindars were recognised as the owners of the lands.

They were given rights or allowed to collect rent from the peasants.

when the zamindars become the owner the actual farmers become tenants for that land.

The Zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in the year 1793.

It was the agreement that made between the British East India Company and the Landlords of Bengal.

Ryotwari system

It was a land revenue system in British India.

It was introduced by Thomas Munro.

It allows government to directly contact the cultivator for revenue collection and to provide the peasant freedom to acquire new land for cultivation.

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