Question

discuss the main challenges to peace in Modern Times

Answer 1

In the last decade, there have been fundamental changes in the nature, form and variety of peace operations. In fact, the very coining of a new term, ‘Peace Operations’ (PO), as distinct from the earlier ‘Peacekeeping Operations’ (PKOs), illustrates a new degree of diversity and complexity in these operations. India has been, and continues to be, a major player in UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs). It has participated in 41 of the 59 UN Missions established so far and has contributed more than 70,000 personnel. India has a current deployment of over 4,000 personnel in 8 of the 16 ongoing peacekeeping operations. This is likely to increase substantially in 2005 with the induction of additional Indian troops in the UN missions in Congo and Sudan. The objective of this paper is to delineate the nature of change in modern peacekeeping operations, identify the current trends and look at future issues and challenges, including some inferences and implications for India

Answer 2

The planet has become less stable in the past decade, according to the 2016 Global Peace Index. In 2015, while the peace pattern in 81 countries improved and worsened in 79 countries, the world average deteriorated, with improvements greater than the deterioration in the MENA region, mainly due to developments. The cumulative impact on the global economy of violence was

EXPLANATION:

• Many people in the world are in peace and transboundary conflicts are becoming less and less common.
• Nonetheless, half the world is likely to become violently unsettled by mixing increasing inequalities, rising unemployment, rising food prices, declining water tables, elite abuses, obsolete institutional structures, organized crime, terrorist groups, restricted access to natural and social resources, and insufficient legal systems and governance.
• Globalization, migration, strategic changes, changing forces and growing people's access to natural, technical and social resources have increased global vulnerability to new levels and changed the security system