Question

Discuss the main characteristics features of modern life and their implications for human health and behaviour.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The ‘behavioural immune system’ is composed of mechanisms that evolved as a means of facilitating behaviours that minimized infection risk and enhanced fitness. Recent empirical research on human populations suggests that these mechanisms have unique consequences for many aspects of human sociality—including sexual attitudes, gregariousness, xenophobia, conformity to majority opinion and conservative sociopolitical attitudes. Throughout much of human evolutionary history, these consequences may have had beneficial health implications; but health implications in modern human societies remain unclear. This article summarizes pertinent ways in which modern human societies are similar to and different from the ecologies within which the behavioural immune system evolved. By attending to these similarities and differences, we identify a set of plausible implications—both positive and negative—that the behavioural immune system may have on health outcomes in contemporary human contexts. We discuss both individual-level infection risk and population-level epidemiological outcomes. We also discuss a variety of additional implications, including compliance with public health policies, the adoption of novel therapeutic interventions and actual immunological functioning. Research on the behavioural immune system, and its implications in contemporary human societies, can provide unique insights into relationships between fitness, sociality and health.

Answer 2

Characteristics features of modern life :

1. The emergence of the nation state.
2. The growth of tolerance as a political and social conviction.
3. industrialization.
4. Mercantilism and the rise of capitalism.
5. Discovery and colonization of the non-Western world.
6. The rise of representative democracy. The role of science and technology is growing. urbanization

• Humans , like any other animal species , have a unique life process consisting of successive stages of growth , each characterized by different physical , physiological and behavioral characteristics .
• These stages are prenatal , infancy , childhood , adolescence and adulthood (including old age ) .
• Human development , or developmental psychology , is a field of study that attempts to explain and attempts to explain changes in human cognitive , emotional and behavioral abilities and functioning throughout life , from infancy to old age .
• Various lifestyle or health habits can have a big impact on a person's mental and physical health. Modern lifestyles can increase the risk of several psychological and physiological health problems.
• Lifestyle is an important factor in health. Unhealthy behavior can lead to illness, disability, and even death.
• Recent medical reports show that health problems such as metabolic disorders, joint and bone problems, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and obesity are on the rise.
• Research shows that a healthy lifestyle, such as a proper diet, a satisfactory level of fitness, and a healthy weight, can be good for your health.

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