Discuss the main features of china's constitution
Answers
Answer:
main features of china's constitution
Explanation:
Feature # 1. Continued Faith in Marxism-Leninism-Maoism but with a New Approach:
The 1982 Constitution expresses full faith in Marxism-Leninism and Maoism. But at the same time it indirectly admits some past mistakes when it seeks to right the wrongs that resulted from the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s.
It advocates the need to maintain the process of streamlining and strengthening the institutional framework that had been initiated in the post- Mao years. Retreat from the Cultural Revolution was presented in a soft way and new political norms and principles were incorporated.
A new faith in decentralization and liberalisation of the economy has been expressed. Provision for the inclusion of a private sector in the socialist economy has also been incorporated. All this was done for the modernisation of the system in the new environment.
In his report to the National People’s Congress at the time of the deliberations held on the draft of the new constitution, the Vice-Chairman of the Constitutional Revision Committee observed that the new constitution “sums up the historical experience of China’s socialist development, reflects the common will and fundamental interests of all nationalities in the country, conforms to the situation in China and meets the needs of socialist modernisation.”
Now China stands for Three Represents: Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.
Feature # 2. Preamble of 1982 Constitution:
The Preamble of the 1982 Constitution, gives an account of the past achievements and sets forth the task ahead.
It affirms that in the past, “the transition of Chinese society from a new democratic to a socialist society was effected step by step. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production was completed, the system of exploitation of man by man was eliminated and the socialist system established.”
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Laying down the basic task before the nation in the times to come, the Preamble of the Constitution declares: “Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Tse-Tung’s thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people’s democratic dictatorship and follow the socialist road.”
Stating the need for social modernisation, the Preamble says:
“In the years to come, China will concentrate its efforts on social modernisation through hard work and self-reliance.”
Feature # 3. A Socialist Constitution:
The 1982 Constitution continues to be a constitution of the socialist state. It aims at further development of the socialist system.
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Article 1 of the Constitution declares:
“China is a socialist state under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.” However, socialism is now being defined as Market Socialism.
Feature # 4. Faith in Panchsheel and Opposition to Imperialism:
The Preamble stresses that China stands for an independent foreign policy based on mutual respect for territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence through developing diplomatic relations and economic and cultural exchanges.
“China consistently opposes imperialism, hegemonism and colonialism, works to strengthen the unity with the people of other countries, supports the oppressed nations and the developing countries in their just struggle to win and preserve their national independence, and develop their national economies and strives to safeguard world peace and promotes the cause of human progress.”
Feature # 5. Written and Enacted Constitution:
The 1982 Constitution is a written and enacted constitution. It was drafted by the National Constitution Revision Committee, discussed by the Standing Committee and the people at large and passed by the National People’s Congress on 4th December, 1982.
Unlike its predecessors, the 1982 Constitution is quite comprehensive and contains 138 Articles. The Constitutions of 1954, 1975 and 1978 had respectively 106, 30 and 60 Articles only.