Question

Discuss the main features of Indus Valley civilization (In 800 Words) ​

Answer 1

${\boxed{\underline{\tt{\orange{The \:main\: features\: of \:Indus \:Valley \:Civilization:}}}}}$

➠ The features of Indus Valley Civilization is starting from the origin of this civilization. This is found after many scientific researches by the scientists.

➠ Actually the place was researched and found at Mehrgarh, but still these Indus valleys are like Neolithic settlement.

➠ Mehrgarh is a place at Pakistan, it is like a plain site as well, in history we learnt that in past thier where hunter gathering such as early man or stone age people who lives in a cave, forest - do kill animals and eat this is called Hunting, gathering is nothing but collecting of things.

➠ Example: Collecting of stones, wood, leaves, bark of trees, rock by the stone age people for their need of use.

Do you know?

➠ That now the place Mehrgrah is rich growth of wheat and barely, not only vegetables and crops but the people who are living now herd animals such as goat, sheep and other cattles.

➠ Not only this other than this there's another neolithic settlement place such one is found in southern india, it is found in "South india".

➠ In south india it is found in most of the paces of karnataka. few names of the places are as follows - Kupgal, Utnur, Pallavoy are the popular ones and also there are many other.

➠ However this is a Indus civilization after many researches the researchers named those places are looking the land, conditions of soil, climate, and they also recorded most cattles are founded at those place and also named as Dravidian civilization.

➠ In the Neolithic period it means the time at very long before centuries before 5000 BC - 7000 BC that scientist found that they found some think regarding this foundation and started for those periods.

${\boxed{\underline{\tt{Do \:you\: know? :}}}}$

➠ That these civilization differ from a place to place according to it's basics of the climatic, etc..

The main features of indus valley civilization:

➠ The Indus Valley civilization are maintained very nearly the cleanliness is taking though the civilization town, the other important features are town planning.

➠ Town planning is something which is like building and development of the town in which many ways to construct the houses with brick.

${\boxed{\underline{\tt{Do \:you\: know? :}}}}$

➠ Some houses are built using the burnt bricks, casting, Actually for them the uses of metal and other things are less comparing to a modern and put houses today.

➠ There are few more specials thinks and features in which they do textiles (making cloths also they are saying they export cotton and make cloths as well sell).

➠ But those civilization places are really different comparing to our citizens and towns, they have a very different culture and in those places they live happy without any kind of pollution of distrubance of technology things.

➠ They live for a long and also in their town the drainage system and batting system and water system are fine, very nice and better than the other modern system used in our homes in cities.

➠ There are nearly 1500 civilizations found till now. Some are very very old. Now also most are found at Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, mesopotamia, Egypt, and many other countries.

➠ Similar civilizations and also popular are Indus valley civilizations, Harappan valley civilizations, bronze valley civilizations, and many other.

${\boxed{\underline{\tt{Do \:you\: know? :}}}}$

➠ Harappan valley city civilizations is one of the most famous and oldest civilizations.

➠ Also note that, harappan is very popular to everyone similarly same as Indus valley civilizations.

Some classifications based on Indus valley civilizations are as follows:

➠ Plan town.

➠ Agricultural.

➠ Demestication.

➠ Trade.

➠ Classification of different sites.

These are just few ways features of the places of Indus Valley civilization.

Answer 2

$\bf{\Large{\boxed{\sf{AnsweR\::}}}}}$

$\bf{\Large{\underline{\mathfrak{The\:main\:features\:of\:Indus\:Valley\:Civilization\::}}}}$

$\Rightarrow$ The oldest name -- Indus Civilization.

$\Rightarrow$ According to archaeological tradition,the most appropriate name - Indus Civilization.(the first discovered site).

$\Rightarrow$ According to geographical point of view, the most suitable name - Indus Goddesses knowledge Civilization (the largest concentration of settlement along the Indus -goddesses knowledge river valley, 80% settlement along the Goddesses knowledge.

$\Rightarrow$The most accepted period --2500 BC - 1750 BC(by carbon 14 - dating).

$\Rightarrow$ John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term 'Indus Civilization'.

$\Rightarrow$ The Indus Civilization belongs to Protocol-Historic period (bronze Age).

$\Rightarrow$ The Indus Civilization was spread over Punjab, Chandigarh, Jaipur, Gujarat, Western U.P. and Northern Maharashtra.

$\Rightarrow$ Scholars generally believed that Harappa & Mohenjodaro, axis represents the heartland of the Indus Civilization.

$\Rightarrow\sf{\underline{\red{Capitals\:Cities\:-}}}\:\:\sf{Harappa,Mohenjodaro}$

$\Rightarrow\rm{\underline{\green{Rakhigarhi\::}}}}}\:\sf{The\:largest\:Indian\:site\:of\:Indus\:Civilization.}$

$\Rightarrow\rm{\underline{\green{Port\:Cities\::}}}}}}\:\sf{Lothal,Balakot,Allahdino.}$

$\Rightarrow$ Common Features of Major cities :

1. Systematic town - planning on the lines of 'Grid system'.
2. Use of Burnt bricks in construction.
3. Underground drainage system (giant water reservoir ).
4. Fortified citadel

$\Rightarrow$ Main Crops :

Wheat and barley; Evidence of cultivation of Rice (Gujarat) only.

$\Rightarrow$ Other Crops :

Dates, Mustard, cotton etc. Indus people were the first to produce cotton in the world.

$\Rightarrow$ Animals :

Sheep, Goat, humped and hump less bull, buffalo, boar, dog, cat, pig, fowl, deer, tortoise, elephant, camel, tiger etc.

$\begin{tabular}{c|c}Imports & From \\ \cline{1-2}Gold & kolar(karnataka),Afghanistan,Persia(Iran).\\Silver & Afghanistan,Persia,South India\\ Tin & Afghanistan, Bihar\\ Jade & Central Asia\\ Amethyst & Maharashtra\end{tabular}$

$\Rightarrow$Exports :

Agricultural products, Cotton goods, Pottery, certain beads (from , Conch-shell) , Ivory products, copper etc.

$\Rightarrow$ A very Interesting features of this Civilization was that Iron was not known to the people.

$\Rightarrow$ The Indus were the earliest people to produce cotton (It was called 'Sindori' by the Greeks).

$\Rightarrow$ As there is no evidence of coins, barter is assumed to have been the normal method of exchange of goods.

$\Rightarrow$ There is no clear - cut evidence of the nature of polity, but it seems that the ruling authority of Indus Civilization was a class of merchants.

$\Rightarrow$ The Indus people didn't worship their gods in temple.No temple in fact has been unearthed. An idea of their religion is formed from the statues and figurines found.

$\Rightarrow$ The most commonly found figurine is that of mother - Goddess (power). There is evidence of prevalence of yon (Female - organ) worship.

$\Rightarrow$ The Shiva - power worship, the oldest form worship in India, appears to have been part of the religious belief of Indus people (Humped bull).

$\Rightarrow$ The Origin of the 'Swastika' symbol can be traced to the Indus Civilization.

$\Rightarrow$ Indra is accused of causing the decline of Indus Civilization'--M-Wheeler.

$\Rightarrow$ The majority of scholars believe that the makers of this Civilization were Dravidian.

$\Rightarrow$ Contemporary Civilizations of Indus Civilization : -

$\bullet\sf{Mesopotamia,}\\\\\bullet\sf{Egypt,}\\\\\bullet\sf{China}$