Discuss the mechanism of nitration, halogenation and sulphonation of benzene.
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Benzene reacts with highly concentrated nitric acid at 323-333k.
This reaction takes place in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene, also known as nitration of benzene.
Sulfonation of benzene is a complex process of process of heating benzene with fuming hot sulphuric acid (H2SO4 +SO3) to produce benzenesulfonic acid.
Halogenation of benzene is a another process where benzene reacts with halogens while the Lewis acids are present like FeCl3, FeBr3 to form aryl halides.
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