Question

Discuss the Moamoriya rebellion.

Answer 1

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The Moamoria rebellion (1769–1805) was the 18th century conflict in Assam between the Moamorias, who were mainly Motok and Kachari adherents of the Moamara Sattra, and the Ahom kings. This led to widespread popular discontent against the Ahom king and the nobles and to two periods in which the Ahom king lost control of the capital. Retaking the capital was accompanied by a massacre of subjects, leading to a steep depopulation of large tracts. The Ahom king failed to retake the entire kingdom; a portion in the north-east, Bengmara, became virtually independent.

The Ahom kingdom emerged from the rebellion much weakened.

Answer 2

In 1822 CE, Assam fell to the Burmese as a direct result of a socio-religious conflict which unravelled the centuries-old Ahom state. Assam was rather unique in this respect — other Indian kingdoms were weakened by succession crises or petty squabbling with neighbours and became ripe for plucking by invaders. Just before the Burmese invaded and dealt the death blow, Assam was greatly weakened by a bitter 36 year-long civil war called the Moamoria Rebellion.

For centuries, an Assamese neo-Vaishnavite movement was gaining popularity among major tribes, recent settlers, and lower-caste people. This monotheistic movement named Ekasarana Dharma, followed the teachings of Srimanta Sankardeva, a major figure of the 16th century Bhakti Movement. Ekasarana Dharma was based on decentralised socio-religious institutions called Sattras where practices radically different from mainstream Hinduism were followed. 

The movement instituted communal prayers in Assamese, and promised salvation to anyone who diligently recited the name of Krishna, the supreme God. Submission to the Guru leading the Sattra, tithe payment, strict rejection of idols and rituals, and everyday life centered around communal prayers were core practices. By the late 18th century, the movement swelled considerably and had branched out into multiple sub-sects.