Question

discuss the of the result of revolt of 1857 on British policies in India

Answer 1

One of the important events of Indian history is the Revolt of 1857. It was the first rebellion against the East India Company which took the massive form.The main persons behind this rebellion were the soldiers [sepoy]. That is why it is also called sepoy Mutiny. But the revolt did not remain limited to the soldiers, later it spread and took a massive form. Some people also called this-'India's first war of Independence

The revolt was started on 10th May of 1857 in the town of Meerut. Though in some places, fractional clashes began before that. It ended on 20 June

1858.

The first martyr of 1957 revolt was Mangal Pandey. He attacked his British sergeant on 29 March 1857 at

Barrackpore.

Some of the leaders of the rebellion were- Rani

Lakshmibai [Jhansi],Kunwar Singh [Bihar], Bahadur Shah [Delhi], Nana Saheb [Kanpur], Tatya Tope [Kanpur], Begum Hazrat Mahal [Lucknow]. There was

a deficiency of central leadership.

The revolt was started due to the induction of enfield

rifles in the army. It was believed that the cartridges used in the rifles were made of pig fat and cow fat which were restricted for the Muslims and Hindus

respectively. They protested against these.

Lord canning was the governor general at that time.

The revolt was failed to spread across the India. Some epicenters of the revolt were- Kanpur, Lucknow, Aligarh, Agra, Arrah, Delhi, and Jhansi.

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Answer 2

As a result of the rebellion of 1857, the British changed their policies. Following are the important changes that the British made:

(i) The powers of the East India Company was transferred to the British Crown in order to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.

(ii)The Governor-General of India was given the title of Viceroy, that is, a personal representative of the Crown.

(iii) All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future. They were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted son. But they had to acknowledge the British queen as their Sovereign Paramount.

(iv) It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of European soldiers would be increased. It was also

decided that instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, Central India and South India more soldiers would be recruited from among the Gorkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.

(v) The British decided to respect the customary religions and social practices of the people in India.