Question

Discuss the political, economic and social causes of the French Revolution.

Answer 1

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ECONOMIC CAUSES - A financial crisis developed because France participated in series of costly wars, suck as the war of Austrian succession, 7 years war and the American revolution. The nation spent more on war than they closeted taxes. Therefore, it had to borrow from other nations. France was in a huge debt. In 1789, the nation was forced to spend nearly half of its years income on the interest it owed. Thus, the French government became bankrupt.

Answer 2

Causes of the French Revolution


1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state


2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.


3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.


4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie


5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI


6. Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.



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