Discuss the positions of the cheifs appointed by the british colonial government
Answers
During the period of the British Raj, the Commander-in-Chief, India (often "Commander-in-Chief in or of India") was the supreme commander of the British Indian Army. The Commander-in-Chief and most of his staff were based at General Headquarters, India, and liaised with the civilian Governor-General of India. Following the Partition of India in 1947 and the creation of the independent dominions of India and Pakistan, the post was abolished. It was briefly replaced by the position of Supreme Commander of India and Pakistan before the role was abolished in November 1948.[1] Subsequently, the role of Commander-in-Chief was merged into the offices of the Governors-General of India and Pakistan, respectively, before becoming part of the office of President of India from 1950, of the President of Pakistan from 1956.
Prior to independence, the official residence was the Flagstaff House, which later became the residence of the first Prime Minister of India; as Teen Murti House, it is now a museum.
This is a list of people who were the military Commander-in-Chief, India until 1947. The rank and title are the final ones for the officer's career and not necessarily applicable to his tenure as Commander-in-Chief, India.
Major-General
Stringer Lawrence
(1697–1775) Foiled French plans to conquer southern India.
Reorganized the Madras Army. 1748 January
Lieutenant-General
John Adlercron
(1691–1766) 1754
Major-General
Robert Clive
(1725–1774) Established the military supremacy of the East India Company in southern India and Bengal. 1756 December
Brigadier-General
John Caillaud
(1726–1812) Active in southern India against the French until 1759 when he was dispatched to Bengal. 1760 February
Brigadier-General
John Carnac
(1716–1800) Defeated the Delhi Emperor near Bihar. 1760 December
Lieutenant-General
Sir Eyre Coote
(1726–1783) Captained the 39th Regiment, the first British regiment sent to India. 1761 April
Major
Thomas Adams
(1730–1764) Officiating 1763
Brigadier-General
John Carnac
(1716–1800) 2nd time appointment as Commander-in-Chief.
Promoted to Brigadier-General during this time. 1764 January
General
Sir Hector Munro
(1726–1805) Suppressed sepoy mutiny at Patna. Won the victories of Buxar against Shuja-ud-Dowlah, the nawab wasir of Oudh, and Mir Kasim, which ranks amongst the most decisive battles ever fought in India. 1764 July
Brigadier-General
John Carnac
(1716–1800) 3rd appointment as Commander-in-Chief.
Defeated the Maratha Empire in the Doab. 1765 January
Major-General
Robert Clive
(1725–1774) 2nd time appointment as Commander-in-Chief.
Conquered Bengal from Nawab Siraj ud Dullah. 1765 May
Brigadier-General
Richard Smith
(1734–1803) Exerted considerable influence in the East India Company, and was a prominent creditor of the Nawab of Arcot. 1767 January
Brigadier-General
Sir Robert Barker
(1732–1789) Signed a treaty with the Rohillas against the Maratha Empire. 1770 March
Colonel
Charles Chapman
(1716–1795) Civil servant of the East India Company who studied tribal ethnicities and cultures, and reported his findings to the Bengal Government. 1773 December
Brigadier-General
Alexander Champion
(d. 1793) 1774 January
Lieutenant-General
Sir John Clavering
(1722–1777) 1774 November
Lieutenant-General
Giles Stibbert
(d. 1804) Officiating 1777 October
Lieutenant-General
Sir Eyre Coote
(1726–1783) Reappointment. Won the Battle of Porto Novo against odds of five to one, regarded as one of the greatest feats by the British in India. 1779 March
Lieutenant-General
Giles Stibbert
(d. 1804) Reappointment 1783 April
General
Sir Robert Sloper
(1729–1802) 1785 July
General
The Earl Cornwallis
(1738–1805) Promulgated the Permanent Settlement of Bengal.
Served twice as Governor-General of India. 1786 September
General
Sir Robert Abercromby
(1740–1827) Officiating 1793 October
Major-General
Charles Morgan
(1741–1818) Officiating 1797 January
Field Marshal
Sir Alured Clarke
(1744–1832) 1798 May
Commanders-in-Chief of India, 1801–1857 Edit
Name Notes Appointed
General
Sir James Craig
(1748–1812) Officiating 1801 February
General
Gerard Lake
(1744–1808) Improved the Indian Army by making all arms, infantry, cavalry and artillery, more mobile and more manageable. 1801 March
General
The Marquess Cornwallis
(1738–1805) Reappointment. With Sir Arthur Wellesley, he supervised the Second Anglo-Maratha War against the Sindhia and the Holkar. 1805 July
General
The Lord Lake
(1744–1808) Reappointment following the death of Cornwallis' successor John Graves Simcoe. Upon Cornwallis' death, Lake pursued the Holkar to the Punjab. The Holkar capitulated at Amritsar in December 1805. 1805 October
General
John Simcoe
(1752–1806) Appointed to post in England late 1805, but died before departing for India and replaced by Lake 1806
General
The Lord Lake
(1744–1808) Reappointment following death of John Graves Simcoe, who died after accepting the appointment in England 1806