Question

Discuss the reason why the proteome is larger than the genome of a given
species.

Answer 1

Proteome

The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. More specifically, it is the set of expressed proteins in a given type of cell or organism, at a given time, under defined conditions. Proteomics is the study of the proteome.

Systems

The term has been applied to several different types of biological systems. A cellular proteome is the collection of proteins found in a particular cell type under a particular set of environmental conditions such as exposure to hormone stimulation. It can also be useful to consider an organism's complete proteome, which can be conceptualized as the complete set of proteins from all of the various cellular proteomes. This is very roughly the protein equivalent of the genome. The term "proteome" has also been used to refer to the collection of proteins in certain sub-cellular biological systems. For example, all of the proteins in a virus can be called a viral proteome.

History

Marc Wilkins coined the term proteome [1] in 1994 in a symposium on "2D Electrophoresis: from protein maps to genomes" held in Siena in Italy. It appeared in print in 1995,[2] with the publication of part of Wilkins's PhD thesis. Wilkins used the term to describe the entire complement of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism.

Size and contents

The proteome can be larger than the genome, especially in eukaryotes, as more than one protein can be produced from one gene due to alternative splicing (e.g. human proteome consists 92,179 proteins out of which 71,173 are splicing variants).[3] On the other hand, not all genes are translated to proteins, and many known genes encode only RNA which is the final functional product. Moreover, complete proteome size vary depending the kingdom of life. For instance, eukaryotes, bacteria, Archaea and viruses have on average 15145, 3200, 2358 and 42 proteins respectively encoded in their genomes.

I hope these helpful.

Answer 2

Answer:

The proteome is mostly found to be larger than the genome in case of eukaryotes. It is because multiple proteins can be produced from one gene by the process of alternative splicing.

Proteomes refer to the entire set of proteins that can be produced by a cell or organism.

On the other hand, genome refers to the entire set of genes present in any cell or an organism.