Question

Discuss the role of intracellular receptors and cell surface receptors in the target cells

Answer 1

Intracellular receptors are receptor proteins found on the inside of the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus. In most cases, the ligands of intracellular receptors are small, hydrophobic (water-hating) molecules, since they must be able to cross the plasma membrane in order to reach their receptors.

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Answer 2

Role of intracellular receptor in target cells:

Receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones are located inside target cells, in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and function as ligand-dependent transcription factors.Thus, the mechanism of action of steroid hormones is to modulate gene expression in target cells.

Role of cell surface receptor in target cells:

Ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell thus initiates a chain of intracellular reactions, ultimately reaching the target cell nucleus and resulting in programmed changes in gene expression.