Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the freedom struggle of India.
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heya,
Mahatma Gandhi was the leader who united India in the struggle for its independence. His non violence methods shook the British and perhaps, even the world. Some of the movements that he initiated during independence were
Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha
Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran and Kheda agitations of Bihar and Gujarat. The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against their largely British landlords who were backed by the local administration.
In 1918, Kheda was hit by floods and famine and the peasantry was demanding relief from taxes. Gandhi moved his headquarters to Nadiad, organising scores of supporters and fresh volunteers from the region, the most notable being Vallabhbhai Patel. Using nonco-operation as a technique, Gandhi initiated a signature campaign where peasants pledged non-payment of revenue even under the threat of confiscation of land.
2. Khilafat Movement
In 1919, Gandhi, with his weak position in Congress, decided to broaden his political base by increasing his appeal to Muslims. The opportunity came in the form of the Khilafat movement, a worldwide protest by Muslims against the collapsing status of the Caliph, the leader of their religion. The Ottoman Empire had lost the First World War and was dismembered, as Muslims feared for the safety of the holy places and the prestige of their religion.
As a mark of solidarity with Indian Muslims he returned the medals that had been bestowed on him by the British government for his work in the Boer and Zulu Wars. He believed that the British government was not being honest in its dealings with Muslims on the Khilafat issue.
3. Non Cooperation Movement
With Congress now behind him in 1920, Gandhi had the base to employ nonco-operation, nonviolence and peaceful resistance as his "weapons" in the struggle against the British Raj. His wide popularity among both Hindus and Muslims made his leadership possible; he even convinced the extreme faction of Muslims to support peaceful nonco-operation. The spark that ignited a national protest was overwhelming anger at the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (or Amritsar massacre) of hundreds of peaceful civilians by British troops in Punjab..
In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with executive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress was reorganised with a new constitution, with the goal of Swaraj. Membership in the party was opened to anyone prepared to pay a token fee. A hierarchy of committees was set up to improve discipline, transforming the party from an elite organisation to one of mass national appeal. Gandhi expanded his nonviolence platform to include the swadeshi policy—the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi(homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles.
Gandhi even invented a small, portable spinning wheel that could be folded into the size of a small typewriter.
"Non-cooperation" enjoyed widespread appeal and success, increasing excitement and participation from all strata of Indian society.
Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
Without Gandhi's unifying personality, the Indian National Congress began to splinter during his years in prison, splitting into two factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das andMotilal Nehru favouring party participation in the legislatures, and the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, opposing this move.
3. Salt Satyagraha
Gandhi stayed out of active politics and, as such, the limelight for most of the 1920s.
The British did not respond. On 31 December 1929, the flag of India was unfurled in Lahore. 26 January 1930 was celebrated as India's Independence Day by the Indian National Congress meeting in Lahore. This was highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April, where he marched 388 kilometres (241 mi) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt himself.
4. Quit India Movement
Gandhi initially favoured offering "nonviolent moral support" to the British effort when World War II broke out in 1939, but the Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war without consultation of the people's representatives.
In 1942, although still committed in his efforts to "launch a nonviolent movement",
Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942. Gandhi was held for two years in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. It was here that Gandhi suffered two terrible blows in his personal life.
have a nice day....
Mahatma Gandhi was the leader who united India in the struggle for its independence. His non violence methods shook the British and perhaps, even the world. Some of the movements that he initiated during independence were
Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha
Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran and Kheda agitations of Bihar and Gujarat. The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against their largely British landlords who were backed by the local administration.
In 1918, Kheda was hit by floods and famine and the peasantry was demanding relief from taxes. Gandhi moved his headquarters to Nadiad, organising scores of supporters and fresh volunteers from the region, the most notable being Vallabhbhai Patel. Using nonco-operation as a technique, Gandhi initiated a signature campaign where peasants pledged non-payment of revenue even under the threat of confiscation of land.
2. Khilafat Movement
In 1919, Gandhi, with his weak position in Congress, decided to broaden his political base by increasing his appeal to Muslims. The opportunity came in the form of the Khilafat movement, a worldwide protest by Muslims against the collapsing status of the Caliph, the leader of their religion. The Ottoman Empire had lost the First World War and was dismembered, as Muslims feared for the safety of the holy places and the prestige of their religion.
As a mark of solidarity with Indian Muslims he returned the medals that had been bestowed on him by the British government for his work in the Boer and Zulu Wars. He believed that the British government was not being honest in its dealings with Muslims on the Khilafat issue.
3. Non Cooperation Movement
With Congress now behind him in 1920, Gandhi had the base to employ nonco-operation, nonviolence and peaceful resistance as his "weapons" in the struggle against the British Raj. His wide popularity among both Hindus and Muslims made his leadership possible; he even convinced the extreme faction of Muslims to support peaceful nonco-operation. The spark that ignited a national protest was overwhelming anger at the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (or Amritsar massacre) of hundreds of peaceful civilians by British troops in Punjab..
In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with executive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress was reorganised with a new constitution, with the goal of Swaraj. Membership in the party was opened to anyone prepared to pay a token fee. A hierarchy of committees was set up to improve discipline, transforming the party from an elite organisation to one of mass national appeal. Gandhi expanded his nonviolence platform to include the swadeshi policy—the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi(homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles.
Gandhi even invented a small, portable spinning wheel that could be folded into the size of a small typewriter.
"Non-cooperation" enjoyed widespread appeal and success, increasing excitement and participation from all strata of Indian society.
Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
Without Gandhi's unifying personality, the Indian National Congress began to splinter during his years in prison, splitting into two factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das andMotilal Nehru favouring party participation in the legislatures, and the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, opposing this move.
3. Salt Satyagraha
Gandhi stayed out of active politics and, as such, the limelight for most of the 1920s.
The British did not respond. On 31 December 1929, the flag of India was unfurled in Lahore. 26 January 1930 was celebrated as India's Independence Day by the Indian National Congress meeting in Lahore. This was highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April, where he marched 388 kilometres (241 mi) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt himself.
4. Quit India Movement
Gandhi initially favoured offering "nonviolent moral support" to the British effort when World War II broke out in 1939, but the Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war without consultation of the people's representatives.
In 1942, although still committed in his efforts to "launch a nonviolent movement",
Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942. Gandhi was held for two years in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. It was here that Gandhi suffered two terrible blows in his personal life.
have a nice day....
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Role of Mahatma Gandhi in the freedom struggle of India
Explanation:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ji was very famous fighter of India's struggle for independence . He is an Indian lawyer, political activist and protester. Mahatma Gandhi is perhaps the most famous figure in the Indian nationalist movement for her role in leading non- violent civil uprising . He was the first to take a non -violent approach in South Africa , where he worked as foreign lawyer . He was hurt and hungry when he saw that the white government discriminating against and exploiting blacks . He organized non- violent protests in the country, which brought him fame and support from South Africa population. Unforgettable is his ministry which gave freedom to us listed below:-
1. Satyagraha Movement ( in year 1918)
2. Khilafat Movement (1919)
3. The Non- Cooperation Movement( September 1920 until February 1922)
4. The Dandi March , Civil Disobedience , and Salt Satyagraha
5. The Quit India Movement .
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