Question

Discuss the role of technology and level of industrialization ?on the basis of chapter resources and development. ...plz answer me fast..it is of 11 points

Answer 1

Industrialization refers to a process of change in the technology used to produce goods and service.

According to Wilbert Emoore and G. R. Madan, it is a much broader process of economic development which has in view the integrated development of all other sectors, i.e. agriculture, power, transport and other services.

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Industrialization has a major role to play in the economic development of the under developed countries.

The role of industrializtion in the development of country can be analysed as follows:

i. Increase in per capita income.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

ii. Growth in international trade

iii. High level of investment

iv. Generation of employment

v. Meets the requirements of people

i. Growth of Infra structure:

Rapid industrial growth has resulted in the expansion of infrastructural facilities. The development of modern industries has stimulated the growth of banking, insurance, commerce, shipping, air services etc.

ii. Growth of science and technology:

Thus our economy is based on industrialization to a large extent.

Industrial Policy before 1991:

India started her quest for industrial development after independence. The industrial policy resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of Industrial policy.

Features of industrial policy 1948:

i. The industrial policy resolution of 1948 contemplated a mixed economy reserving a sphere for both public and private sector.

ii. The industries were divided into four broad categories viz:

a. Defence industries and control of atomic energy. The ownership and management of these industries was the exclusive monopoly of the Central Government.

b. Coal, Iron and steel, ship building, telephone and telegraphs were to be owned by the state.

c. Basic industries—Fertilizers electron chemicals, non- ferrous metals woollentextiles, minerals etc. were subject to the regulation of Central Government.

d. Remaining industries other than the above mentioned were open to the private sector.

Industrial Policy 1956:

After 1948 significant developments took place in India. Parliament accepted the socialist pattern of economy.

It facilitated the fresh statement of industrial policy.

Provisions of 1956 Policy:

i. New classification of industries: Schedule A industries: Exclusive responsibility of the state.

Schedule B: State owned industries, but the private enterprises could supplement the effort of the state.

Schedule C: All the remaining industries which could be owned by private sector.

ii. Fair and non-discriminatory treatment of Private sector.

iii. Encouragement to village and small scale industries.

iv. Removing regional disparities.

v. Provision of amenities for labour.

Answer 2

(i) Resources are function of human activities.
(ii) Human beings interact with-nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
(iii) Human beings transfer materials available in our environment into resource, and use them.
(iv) For example, river is a natural endowment and it becomes resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

(v)Nature contains resources. These resources are converted into usable form with the help of technology. Human beings interact with nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.


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