Discuss the role of women and students in the movement for independent Pakistan
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Explanation:
independence day of Pakistan is a reminder of the struggle and sacrifices that were made during the freedom movement by not only men but women as well. It is not wrong to say that active participation of women of sub-continent had accelerated the independence movement. Despite of so many hurdles and social restrictions these Muslim women made their presence felt in the political arena. They came out of their homes and struggled to achieve a separate homeland. As nation is celebrating 70th Independence Day, lets look back the struggle of the prominent women of pre-independence era.
Amjadi Bano Begum
The brave and courageous Amjadi begum was the first Muslim female political leader of British India. She started her political career at a time when women were restricted to their homes and their obligation was to take care of their home and children.
She belonged to a religious family of Rampur. She got her early education at home. Later, she enriched her thirst of knowledge from a large collection of religious books at home. She got married to Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar in 1902 and with the support of her husband and mother-in-law; she broke all the restriction and joined Khilafat Movement. In every journey and meeting of Maulana she went along with him, even she attended the round table conference of London in 1930.
Amjadi Begum was appointed as a member of working committee of Pakistan Muslim League by Quaid-e-Azam. She was the only female member of the committee of 25 members. As a member of committee, she participated in the drafting of that historic resolution of Pakistan on 23 March 1940. Amjadi Begum worked hard and motivated other women as well. She died on 28 March 1947. On her death Quaid-e-Azam said that it was a great loss for the nation.
Fatima Jinnah (Mother of the nation)
The loving and caring sister of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born in 30 July 1893 in Karachi. She was a qualified dentist but quit her practice after the sad demise of the wife of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1929 and became a close associate and an adviser to her older brother.
She was an active member of the All-India Muslim League, where she served as Vice President of the women's wing. Professor Sharif al Mujahid writes in his article, "an enduring legacy", "People do not realize that just by accompanying Jinnah wherever he went during the 1940s, Fatima Jinnah was teaching Muslim women to stand shoulder to shoulder with men during the freedom struggle. Numerous pictures of the period show Fatima Jinnah walking alongside Jinnah and not behind him. The message was loud and clear and it was one both the brother and sister wished to convey to the nation."
Fatima Jinnah lived with Muhammad Ali Jinnah for 28 years in total, and never left her brother alone in any circumstances. Muhammad Ali Jinnah once said, "My sister was like a bright ray of light and hope whenever I came back home and met her. Anxieties would have been much greater and my health much worse, but for the restraint imposed by her".
During the transfer of power in 1947, she formed the Women's Relief Committee, which later formed the nucleus for the All Pakistan Women's Association (APWA) founded by Rana Liaquat Ali Khan. She also played a significant role in the settlement of Muhajirs in the new state of Pakistan. In 1967, Jinnah gave a historical speech to the nation. She warned that 'cowards die many deaths, the valiant never taste death but once'.
Rana Liaquat Ali Khan
The history of Pakistan movement is incomplete without mentioning the services of Begum Raana Liaquat Ali. She was born in Agra. She was educated at the University of Lucknow where she obtained a first class Masters degree with honors in economics in 1929.
She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaquat Ali Khan became Pakistan's first Prime Minister. As First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programmes for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she started her career as a political leader that lasted a decade.
Begum Raana served as Pakistan's ambassador to the Netherlands in the 1950s and as ambassador to Italy in the 1960s. From 1973 to 1976, she was elected Governor of Sindh. She was the first Muslim woman in a delegate to the UN (1952). She received the Jane Adam's Medal (USA) and Woman of Achievement Medal (USA) in 1950, Mother of Pakistan in 1950 (USA), Nishan-i-Imtiaz in 1959, Grand Cross of Orange Nassau in 1961 (the Netherlands), International Gimbel Award for service to humanity (1961-1962).
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