Discuss the scientific and technical achievements in Bronze Age.
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Answer:
Bronze age
so........
The discovery and the use of metals like copper, bronze, etc. led to the scientific and technical achievements calculating and counting the numbers form the basis of quantitative science in the Bronze Age.
The Use of Metals: Metals like gold and copper were used as ornaments. Some metals like copper was used to make pottery, also alloy of copper was hardened to make tools and weapons.
Transport: With the development of transport, the problem of distance was also solved. Trade became an important activity as the goods produced were traded in different parts of the world. Trade as well as the desire to control large territories led to the need for efficient transport.
Quantitative Science: Trade and the exchange of goods became a part of life, some standards such as numbers and measure of amount of grains, etc. and weights became necessary for the proper and fair exchange of goods. Simple calculations like addition or subtraction also developed with the increase in trading activities. Counting and calculating led to the making of calendars and also in the development of astronomy. Thus, we can say that with the increase in the socio-economic needs and the trade between cities led to the rise in quantitative science such as measurement, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and medicine, etc.
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The major technical advance that accompanied the rise of cities was the discovery and use of metals, particularly copper and its alloy bronze. Simultaneously, trade between societies flourished and gave rise to better forms of transport. The wide range of services involved in the operations of a city gave rise to a qualitative change which marks the beginning of conscious science. This was possible, because this initial phase of development required that the practitioners of techniques and the priests who did only mental work solve problems together. Recording of numbers or quantities of goods, standardising their measures, counting and calculating, making of calendars etc. form the basis of quantitative science in the Bronze Age. We shall now study each of these features, in brief. The Use of Metals Human beings were attracted by shiny gold and copper which are found free in nature and used them originally as ornaments. Bits of metal have been found in necklaces and other ornaments of Stone Age. However, copper nuggets beaten to different shapes were not of much practical use as tools and weapons, as they were too soft. With the development of fire kilns needed for making pottery, copper ores which could be easily reduced were used to produce copper metal. Later, an alloy of copper and tin was discovered. It was harder and stronger than copper and could be cast into tools and weapons. Casting was done by pouring molten copper and tin mixture into vessels or "moulds". When the mixture was allowed to cool, it took the shape of the pot. Some of the tools thus made were found to be far superior to stone tools and weapons, and were easier to produce. The use of this new metal meant revolution in many techniques, such as carpentry, masonry, making tools, vessels, vases etc.
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