Question

Discuss the similarities and differences of the Three Fundamental Schools of Thought in crime causation.
Classical school, Neoclassical and ITALIAN OR POSITIVIST SCHOOL.?

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

• Classical criminology believed that crime was a choice and that punishment should be proportionate to crime (think eye for eye, blood for blood).
• Neoclassicals are similar, except  they believe that aggravating and extenuating circumstances should be considered when considering punishment.
• The positivist school holds that biological characteristics determine crime and that crime is not the criminal's choice ("the devil made me do this")

Explanation:

• Classical criminology uses the idea of ​​free will, that criminals choose to commit crimes and that the best way to control crime is to deter criminals and make them uncomfortable or unpleasant to commit crimes. It explains that it is to make a profit. Two of his figures most commonly associated with classical criminology are Cesare Rebeccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Beccaria was concerned with establishing a more rational and humane system of social control. Bentham developed an approach that examines how individuals weigh pleasure and pain in deciding whether to engage in deviant behavior.
• Positivist criminology focuses on criminals rather than crimes and uses science rather than philosophy to explain crime. It considers the offender's motives and examines their physical characteristics, social background, and moral development  to determine why they committed the crime and what can be done to rehabilitate them. Focusing on criminals rather than crime or law, the positivist school of thought assumes that humans do not necessarily have free will and that human behavior is determined by various external factors.  
• Neoclassical criminology can be easily defined as a school  that assumes that criminal activity is contextually dynamic and discretely determined. Neoclassical theories of crime argue that deterrence, reduction, or elimination of crime can be achieved through stricter parenting practices, harsher penalties, and/or increased surveillance and security. Neoclassical thinking is usually associated with politically conservative anti-crime policies.

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