discuss the soil formation. Describe any three main characteristics of different soil found in India
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Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth's surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms—all of which interact slowly yet constantly.
Major types and characteristics of soils in India:1. Sand soilsSand soils are often dry, nutrient deficient and fast-draining. They have little (or no) ability to transport water from deeper layers through capillary transport. Therefore, tillage of sandy soils in the spring should be kept to a minimum in order to retain moisture in the seedbed. The nutrient- and water-holding capacity of sand soils can be improved through adding organic material.
2. Clay soils with 10-25% clayThese soils differ from those described above in that crusting can be very severe. The crust is often so hard that it has to be broken up. With low contents of clay and organic material, aggregate formation is often poor.
3. Silt soils, 0-10% clayThese soils differ from sand soils by having a greater tendency to form a crust, which is often very hard. If they are over-tilled, they can become compact and this decreases their ability to infiltrate water in wet periods. In dry conditions they can become hard and difficult to till. However, they are generally easy to till and can store considerable amounts of water. They require good reconsolidation, but tillage in wet conditions should be avoided.
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Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth's surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms—all of which interact slowly yet constantly.
Major types and characteristics of soils in India:1. Sand soilsSand soils are often dry, nutrient deficient and fast-draining. They have little (or no) ability to transport water from deeper layers through capillary transport. Therefore, tillage of sandy soils in the spring should be kept to a minimum in order to retain moisture in the seedbed. The nutrient- and water-holding capacity of sand soils can be improved through adding organic material.
2. Clay soils with 10-25% clayThese soils differ from those described above in that crusting can be very severe. The crust is often so hard that it has to be broken up. With low contents of clay and organic material, aggregate formation is often poor.
3. Silt soils, 0-10% clayThese soils differ from sand soils by having a greater tendency to form a crust, which is often very hard. If they are over-tilled, they can become compact and this decreases their ability to infiltrate water in wet periods. In dry conditions they can become hard and difficult to till. However, they are generally easy to till and can store considerable amounts of water. They require good reconsolidation, but tillage in wet conditions should be avoided.
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soil is formed by decomposition of old parent rocks. they are decomposed by the micro organisms which are present in the soil.
The three main soils of India are :
1.Black or regur soil -used for cotton cultivation
2.Red soil -rich in iron content
3.Alluvial soil -moderate in iron content, found in most parts of India
The three main soils of India are :
1.Black or regur soil -used for cotton cultivation
2.Red soil -rich in iron content
3.Alluvial soil -moderate in iron content, found in most parts of India
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