Question

Discuss the system of administration under the delhi sultanate

Answer 1

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Answer 2

The Sultan:

The Sultan was a despost. He ruled with the help of nobles. The law was based on the Islamic tradition. Qazis and Ulemas had a great hand in the administration. The power of the Sultan was based on the military force. He administered all the functions of the government. There were wars for most of the period and the Booty was also a source of income.

The Central Government:

The government was run under various departments. Four departments where most important. Each department was supervised by a Minister or a high officer. The Wazir was the Chief Minister. He headed the Diwan-i-Wizarat. The Bakshi was the paymaster of the army. The Qazi was the Chief Justice. Justice was based on the Islamic law. The department of Diwan-i-insha looked after the state correspondence. The diwan-i-risalat looked after religious affairs and education.

The Provincial Government:

The provincial government reflected the same set up as at the centre. The heads of the provinces were known as Wali and Mufti. The provinces were further divided into Shiqs and Paragana. A Paragana was headed by an Amil

The Land Revenue System :

Land revenue was the most important sources of the income of Delhi sultans, so they were particular in keeping the land control in efficient hands. Some of the land was reserved for the Sultan. The revenue from such land was used for sultan's personal expenses. Revenue from this lands was fixed at one third of the produce and this was treated as the share of the state. The rest of the land was distributed among different officers, nobles, governors etc. These nobles, as already said, kept a certain amount of the land revenue as their salary, another amount to maintain soldiers for the Sultan. In spite of all this they left with sufficient amount to lead a life of luxury.

There was a separate Agriculture Department, known as Diwan-i-Amir Kohi, which looked after collection of land revenue. Different officers such as the Muqqadams Patwaris helped in the land revenue collection.