Question

Discuss the term "sustainable competitive advantage" by taking the example of any indian brand

Answer 1

Brand.
One of the strongest sustainable competitive advantages, because it takes not only money but also a long time to build a successful brand. Example: Coca-Cola. 

Network effect.
"Network effect" happens when the value of a product or service depends on the number of its users. In a positive network effect, the more people use it, the more valuable the product becomes. Once the user base reaches a critical mass, it's extremely hard for anyone else to achieve the same position. Example: eBay. 

Patents.
Patents are essentially a temporary monopoly granted by the governments to stimulate risky R&D. Example: biotech and pharmaceutical companies. 

Know how.
If a critical enabling element can be kept secret, it can become a source of sustainable advantage. Example: Google. 

Scale.
Scale can give companies sustainable advantage in several ways. For example, in retail industry large chains can use their scale to buy merchandize at the low  prices unavailable to their smaller competitors. Example: Walmart. 

Customer lock-in.
Some business make products or services that have very high switching costs for customers. For example, enterprise automation software such as ERP systems is so tightly integrated with the critical customer functions that changing an ERP vendor is unthinkable. Example: SAP. 

Exclusive access to a resource.
Exclusive or near-exclusive access to valuable resources can give a sustainable advantage. For example, China currently provides nearly 95% of the world's rare earth metals. 

Exclusive license. 
Sometimes governments grant exclusive licenses to businesses. For example, Stepan Company is the only company in the US that is legally allowed to import coca leafs and extract a cocaine from them. The cocaine is then sold to a pharmaceutical firm, while the remains of the leafs are sold to Coca-Cola (to make coca-cola syrup).