discuss the town planning in Mohenjo Daro in five points
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Due to its elaborate town plan, Mohenjo-daro was considered a cosmopolitan city, the capital of the civilization with people of different races mingling with the local populace. Indus Valley Civilization used mudbrick extensively, as can be seen in the ruins of Mohenjodaro.
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Answer:
i). Town planning is the unique feature of Indus valley civilization. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system.
ii)Due to its elaborate town plan, Mohenjo-daro was considered a cosmopolitan city, the capital of the civilization with people of different races mingling with the local populace. Indus Valley Civilization used mudbrick extensively, as can be seen in the ruins of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
iii)The sheer size of the city, and its provision of public buildings and facilities, suggests a high level of social organization.[19] The city is divided into two parts, the so-called Citadel and the Lower City. The Citadel – a mud-brick mound around 12 metres (39 ft) high – is known to have supported public baths, a large residential structure designed to house about 5,000 citizens, and two large assembly halls. The city had a central marketplace, with a large central well. Individual households or groups of households obtained their water from smaller wells
iv)Mohenjo-daro had no series of city walls, but was fortified with guard towers to the west of the main settlement, and defensive fortifications to the south. Considering these fortifications and the structure of other major Indus valley cities like Harappa, it is postulated that Mohenjo-daro was an administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other Indus Valley sites. It is obvious from the identical city layouts of all Indus sites that there was some kind of political or administrative centrality, but the extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear.
v)The location of Mohenjo-daro was built in a relatively short period of time, with the water supply system and wells being some of the first planned constructions. [21] With the excavations done so far, over 700 wells are present at Mohenjo-daro, alongside drainage and bathing systems.[22] This number is unheard of when compared to other civilizations at the time, such as Egypt or Mesopostamia, and the quantity of wells transcribes as one well for every three houses.[23] Because the large number of wells, it is believed that the inhabitants relied solely on annual rainfall, as well as the Indus River's course remaining close to the site, alongside the wells providing water for long periods of time in the case of the city coming under siege.[24] Due to the period in which these wells were built and used, it is likely that the circular brick well design used at this and many other Harappan sites are an invention that should be credited to the Indus civilization, as there is no existing evidence of this design from Mesopotamia or Egypt at this time, and even later