Question

discuss the two factors which affects the rate of nucleophilic substitution in an acid derivative​

Answer 1

Hiee....

=> Within a row – more electronegative atom => weaker nucleophile. Within a column, size of atom. Polar protic solvent, bigger atom is better; polar aprotic solvent, smaller atom is better. Resonance – if the nucleophilic lone pair can be delocalized by resonance, it will make it less nucleophilic.