Question

Discuss the various chemical methods of controlling human population.

Answer 1

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Chemical Methods of Control

Chemical agents are generally not intended to achieve sterilization. Most reduce the microbial populations to safe levels or remove pathogens from objects. An ideal disinfectant or antiseptic (chemical agent) kills microorganisms in the shortest possible time without damaging the material treated.


Among the important criteria for selecting an antiseptic or disinfectant are the concentration of disinfectant to be used, whether the agent is bactericidal or bacteriostatic, the nature of the material to be treated, whether organic matter will be present, the temperature and pH at which the chemical agent will be used, and the time available in which the chemical agent will be left in contact with the surface tested.

Evaluation methods. To evaluate an antiseptic or disinfectant, the phenol coefficient test is used. In this test, various dilutions of the chemical agent are prepared and tested against equivalent dilutions of phenol with such bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. A phenol coefficient (PC) greater than one indicates that the chemical agent is more effective than phenol and less than one that it is less effective.

An alternative test is the in-use test. Various dilutions of the chemical agent are made and tested against a standardized preparation of test bacteria on the type of material later to be disinfected in normal use.



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