Question

discuss the various forms of economy among tribes on india 500 words​

Answer 1

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➺Discuss the various forms of economy among tribes on india 500 words

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Tribal economy forms an important criterion for classifying Scheduled Tribes in India. The dominant economies of the tribes are:

(1) Hunting, fishing and food gathering,

(2) Shifting cultivation and lumbering, and

(3) Sedentary cultivation and animal husbandry.

A brief account of tribes practising these economies is given as under:

(1) Hunting, Fishing and Gathering:

A large number of tribes live in isolation in forests and depend upon hunting, fishing and food gathering. Some of the tribes depend exclusively on these occupations. The main tribes which practise these professions are the Raji in Uttar Pradesh; Kharia, Birhor, Korwa, Pariha and Birgias in Jharkhand; Kuki in West Bengal; Hill-Maria in Chhattisgarh, Juang in Orissa, Chenchu and Yanadi in Andhra Pradesh; Koya, Reddi, Kadar and Paliyan in Tamil Nadu, Bhil, Garasia in Maharashtra and Gujarat; Bhil, Garasia and Sahariya in Rajasthan and Kuki, Konyak and Naga in Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

(2) Shifting Cultivation and Lumbering:

Shifting cultivation is said to be as old as history of agriculture itself. In this type of cultivation, a piece of forest land is cleared by slash-and-burn technique and crops are grown. After 2-3, the fertility of the soil is reduced and the farmer shifts to another piece of land.

This is the reason that it is called shifting agriculture. It is known by different names in different parts of the country. It is called Jhum or jum in north-east India, kumari in Western Ghats, watra in south-east Rajasthan and penda, bewar or dahia and deppa in different parts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Lumbering involves obtaining wood from the forests.The main tribes practising shifting cultivation and lumbering are Koria, Saharia, Bhutias and Kharwar in Uttar Pradesh, Korwa and Asur in Jharkhand; Garo, Mal-Paharia in West Bengal; Maria, Gonda, Baiga and Dhora in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh; Saora, Khond, Kurumba and Bagola in Andhra Pradesh; Saora, Keria and Khond in Orissa; Khond, Gond, Kurumba and Muduwan in Tamil Nadu; Bhil and Garasia in Maharashtra and Gujarat; Kathodia in Rajasthan, Naga, Lakher, Chakmas, Garo, Riang, Notia, etc., in the north eastern states.

(3) Sedentary Cultivation and Animal Husbandry:

Sedentary cultivation is a type of agriculture in which the farmer grows crops to meet his own requirements and not much is left for sale in the market. This is not an advanced type of cultivation and is generally practised by the tribal people along with animal husbandry.

The main tribes adopting these professions are the Tharu, Maghi Khasa, Bhoksa, Kol and Bhotias in Uttar Pradesh ; Munda, Ho, Oraon, Tamaria, Korwa and Santhal in Jharkhand; Santhal, Polia, and Bhumji in West Bengal; Parja, Bhatra, Baija and Gond in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, Badaga, Irula, Parga and Malydi in Tamil Nadu, Badaga, Koya, Irula and Kota in Andhra Pradesh; Bhil, Dubla, Raiwari, Barali, Koli, Dhamalia, etc. in Maharashtra and Gujarat, and Bhil, Garasiya and Meena in Rajasthan.