Question

Discuss trends in ionization enthalpies of lanthanoids.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

• The ionization enthalpies of the actinoids are lower than that of the lanthanoids especially in case of early metals due to the more effective shielding of 5f electrons than 4f electrons. But as the outer electrons are less firmly held they are available for bonding. ..

Answer 2

Answer:

The ionization enthalpies of the actinoids are lower than that of the lanthanoids especially in case of early metals due to the more effective shielding of 5f electrons than 4f electrons. But as the outer electrons are less firmly held they are available for bonding. ... (ii) These metals exhibit variable oxidation states

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