Question

Discuss tribal society? Discuss the changes taken place in tribal society??

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Anthropos is the international journal of anthropology and linguistics, founded in 1906 by Wilhelm Schmidt. The title of the journal stands for the Greek word for “human being” and expresses its main purpose – namely the study of human societies in their cultural dimension. The cultivation of anthropology, ethnology, linguistics, and religious studies was therefore an essential component of Wilhelm Schmidt’s intellectual horizon. This tradition is continued today by members of the Anthropos Institute – the organizational carrier of the journal.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Acculturation and Changes Occurring in Tribal Culture!

Cultural change is ‘change in knowledge, attitudes, ideas, behaviour, relig­ious beliefs, and moral doctrines of individuals who compose the community or the society.’ Thus, cultural change is a multi-factorial process.

Several factors as identified which have brought about changes in the tribal culture are: measures un­dertaken by the government, communication facilities, spread of education, process of urbanisation, occupational mobility, community development projects, frequent contacts with the neighbouring Hindus in the urban areas, construction of dams in the tribal areas, impact of Chris­tianity, facilities of bank credit, modern medicare, cooperative societies, modern legislation, cash and market economy, and reformist movements.

The tribe-caste interaction and the process of acculturation is found among many tribes in different states.

The process of undergoing accultura­tion by this tribe is found in the following changes:

(1) The structural change in the tribe is found in discarding egalitarianism (with least of functional dependency) and accepting caste system and thereby introducing the system of stratification in the commu­nity.

(2) The community is hierarchically divided in four segments on the ba­sis of ritual superiority which resembles Hindu Varna framework. There is functional distribution of occupations among the four divi­sions like the four varnas—hunting and fighting, worshipping, cultivation, and dancing and singing respectively. The difference is that while in the Varna system, worshipping occupies the highest rit­ual status, in this tribe it occupies second place in the hierarchy. Secondly, purity and pollution is absent in the Sabaras tribe as it is found in the caste system. Thus, Sabaras are accepted as a separate ‘caste’ and not as a tribe in the village.

(3) Like the caste system among the Sabaras too, each sub-caste has its own panchayat which acts as a watch-dog of the community customs and taboos.

(4) Each sub-division of the Sabaras claims descent from three Sabaras who figure in Hindu mythologies—Mahabharata and Ramayana.

(5) The imprint of Hindu culture is prominent on the marriage customs of Sabaras, though inter-caste (inter-segment) marriage is absent. Po­lygamy is a taboo. Bride-price has been replaced by dowry.