Question

discuss various modes of nutrition in animals

Answer 1

All heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their nutrition. Heterotrophic plants have only four types. The four maintypes of heterotrophic nutrition are: Holozoic nutrition: the word holozoic is made from two words- holo= whole and zoikos= animals and literally means animals which eat their food whole
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Answer 2

Nutrition in animals is as important as it is for plants. As we all know that plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis but animals cannot prepare their own food, hence they need to depend on plants for their food. Animals derive their nutrition either by eating plants directly, they are called herbivores, or indirectly by eating animals which have consumed plants, they are called carnivores. Some animals feed on both plants and animals; these animals are termed as omnivores.  All organisms require food for their survival and growth.

Food has different components, called nutrients, like carbohydrates, fats, minerals, proteins, and vitamins, which are required for maintenance of the body. These components are complex and cannot be used as it is for nutrition in animals; so they are broken down into simpler components by the process of digestion.


Animals exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Heterotrophic mode of nutrition can be categorised into holozoic mode, parasitic mode and saprophytic modes of nutrition.
*Holozoic mode of nutrition is the process in which an organism takes in whole food. The food ingested undergoes digestion, absorption and assimilation. e.g. small organisms like amoeba large organisms like human beings.
*Parasitic mode of nutrition is the process in which organism derives its nourishment from host organisms either in liquid form or nutrient form. e.g. Taenia solium is the tape worm living in human intestine.
*Saprophytic mode of nutrition is the process in which organism derives its nourishment from dead and decaying matter. e.g. Fungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients from dead and decaying matter by absorption.