Question

Disease management by quarantine method explain this

Answer 1

Answer:

Food plants of the world are damaged by more than10, 000 species of insects, 30,000 species of weeds, 100,000 diseases (caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms) and 1000 species of nematodes [4, 2].These pests and pathogens not only reduce the quantity but also spoil the quality of the produce to a considerable extent. The responsibility of plant protection addressing phytosanitary issues concerning trade. In the past many diseases are responsible for food scarcities including famines. In addition to endemic problems there are many crop pests which are entered India from other countries because in earlier years India did not have an effective control measure (plant quarantine) system to stop the introduction of exotic pests, diseases and weeds. Cottony cushion scale, woolly aphid, San Jose scale, golden cyst nematode of potatoes, the giant African snail are some exotic pest introduced into India and cause extensive damage.

Therefore, require reducing the losses of commodities damaged by pests and disease. Several approaches of pest/disease management are: exclusion, eradication, protection, therapy, resistance, and biological control. Exclusion or 'keeping out' is fundamental to the concept of plant quarantine while eradication methods are employed to abolish a newly established pest/pathogen. Quarantine can be defined “as a legal restriction on the movement of Agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the spread of plant pests and diseases in uninfected areas [3] with a view to prevent accidental introduction of exotic pests, weeds and pathogens dangerous to the agriculture or environment of a country/region, and if introduced, to prevent their establishment and further spread. Plant quarantine is thus designed as safe guard against harmful pests/pathogens exotic to a country or a region. Plant Quarantine regulations are promulgated by the national and the state governments to prevent the introduction and spread of harmful pests and pathogens.