Question

Distinguish between :

a. Acetaldehyde and acetone

b. Methanoic acid and Ethanoic acid.

c. Aniline and Ethylamine

Answer 1

a.since acetone reacts with iodoform but acetaldehyde does not
c.when aniline reacts with nano2+HCl then benzen diazonium chloride is formed but ethyl amine does not sorry b. I am confused

Answer 2

a. Acetaldehyde and Acetone are  small organic molecules, but there is a difference between them based on their functional groups. In other words, they are two different carbonyl compounds with different chemical and physical properties. Acetone is the smallest member of the ketone group, whereas acetaldehyde is the smallest member of aldehyde group. The key difference between Acetaldehyde and Acetone is the number of carbon atoms in the structure; acetone has three Carbon atoms, but acetaldehyde has only twocarbon atoms. The difference in the number of carbon atoms and having two different functional groups lead to many other differences in their properties.

b.Methanoic acid (HCOOH) or formic acid

Ethanoic acid CH3COOH or acetic acid

1) Methalic acid gives silver mirror test with Tollen's reagent , whereas ethanoic acid does not give that test .

HCOOH+2Ag(NH3)2]OH]→2Ag+2H2O+CO2+4NH3HCOOH+2Ag(NH3)2]OH]→2Ag+2H2O+CO2+4NH3

(silver mirror)

2) Methanoic acid gives white precipitate with mercuric chloride solution .

HCOOH+HgCl2→Hg2Cl2+CO2+2HClHCOOH+HgCl2→Hg2Cl2+CO2+2HCl

(white ppt)

Ethanoic acid does not give this test .

c.Ethylamine and anilinecan be distinguished from each other by the azo-dye test. A dye is obtained when aniline (an aromatic amine) reacts with HNO2 (NaNO2 + dil.HCl) at 0-5°C, followed by a reaction with the alkaline solution of 2-naphthol.
c.