Question

Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.

Answer 1

A single bond is a sigma bond. A double bond is a sigma bond plus a pi bond. A triple bond is one sigma and two pi bonds. 

A sigma bond is your basic head-on covalent bond, with the bond in line with the bonding orbitals. You can only ever have one sigma bond between any two atoms.

A pi bond is a covalent bond between orbitals perpendicular to the bond direction, usually p-orbitals (never s). The resulting bond is roughly shaped like two croissants with the tips touching at the bonded atoms. Pi bonds do not allow rotation around the bonding axis due to this geometry. 

A second pi bond (the third bond in a triple bond, or a second double bond to another atom) is always perpendicular (orthogonal) to the first one. In other words, if the sigma bond is on the x axis, one pi bond will form between orbitals on the y axis and another will form between orbitals on the z axis.

Answer 2

HEYA MATE HERE U GO

SIGMA BOND :-

⚫. it is formed by the end -end on overlap of orbitals.

⚫. it has independent existence.

⚫. it is a strong bond. because axial overlap is more.

⚫. there can be only one sigma bond

PI BOND:-

⚫. it is formed by the lateral overlap of orbitals.

⚫. it has no independent existence

⚫. it is a weak bond. because lateral overlap is less.

⚫. there can be one or two pi bonds between two atoms.

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