Distinguish between +I effect and -I effect
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Negative inductive effect (-I):
The electron withdrawing nature of groups or atoms is called as negative inductive effect. It is indicated by -I. Following are the examples of groups in the decreasing order of their -I effect:
NH3+ > NO2 > CN > SO3H > CHO > CO > COOH > COCl > CONH2 > F > Cl > Br > I > OH > OR > NH2 > C6H5 > H
2) Positive inductive effect (+I):
It refers to the electron releasing nature of the groups or atoms and is denoted by +I. Following are the examples of groups in the decreasing order of their +I effect.
C(CH3)3 > CH(CH3)2 > CH2CH3 > CH3 > H
hope it helps!!
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