Question

distinguish between indian and african herders?

Answer 1

Both India and East Africa were under the control and dominance of the European colonial powers with similar intentions and objectives.
In both places, the pastoral communities lost the pasture land because the colonial powers took control of these pastures and brought them under cultivation. (ii) Both in India and East Africa, forest laws were made and the pastoralists were not permitted to use the forests for grazing or taking out forest produce.
The mobility of the pastoralists was severely restricted whereby fodder was in short supply and feeding the cattle became a persistent problem. Many of them were thereby forced to give up their old mode of occupation.
(iii) Both in India and Africa, Grazing Tax was imposed on the pastoralists. All these created a lot of hardship for the pastoral communities of India and Africa.