Question

Distinguish between primary and secondary immune response

Answer 1

Hi mate here is ur query..

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The innate immune system is the second line of defense after the skin and chemical barriers on the outside and entrances to your body. Innate means natural. The innate immune system always carries the same default attacks to all pathogens it meets. The most common of which is phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process of a phagocyte, like macrophages or neutrophils, surrounding and engulfing their targets. Then, inside the cell, a lysosome releases some especially reactive oxygen into the phagosome that the prisoner is contained in, immediately terminating it. Other innate defenses also include fevers, bacteria destroying toxins, and MHC based termination (done by NK cells).

Now the adaptive immune system, unlike its counterpart, only contains 2 cells. However, these 2 cells are branched into many types. B cells and T cells adapt to terminate targets of the immune system that learn how to resist the innate defenses. Some pathogens can even destroy the phagocyte consuming it when it’s inside the phagocyte by puncturing the phagosome, causing the phagocyte to release the reactive oxygen into its own cell, killing itself. Adaptive immunity matches to specific targets, and takes a while to prepare, whereas the innate immune system attacks immediately. A helper T cell is activated by antigen-presenting phagocytes and then it activates Effector T cells and B cells to begin their cycles. This includes production of antibodies, mass termination of infected cells, and taking command of the innate immune system.

What is the primary immune response and the secondary immune response?

The primary immune response consists of a phagocyte consuming a pathogen, presenting it to an adaptive immune cell, and the adaptive immunity kicking off, ending with more memory cells than before.

The secondary immune response is when the immune system detects a pathogen it has previously defended against again. By this point, immunological memory via memory cells have been established. This allows the immune system to begin producing antibodies immediately, compared to the preparation phase required from a naive B cell, and since there are more, it’s only natural that it would be seen by the adaptive immune defenses quicker.

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Hope this will help you