Question

distinguish between russian farmers and european farmers .

Answer 1

What I've learnt so far is that when you say someone is a peasant, you acclaim to his identity to both his work as an agricultural labourer and his social and economic position. A peasant, for majority of the cases, reflects an agricultural labourer who is specifically poor and occupies the lower rung of social hierarchy. 

A farmer on the other hand denotes a man who works on agricultural land and/or owns a farmland. The term farmer does not denote the person's economy or social position.