Distinguish between t even and t odd phage
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Bacteriophages, in short, are the viruses that infect bacteria. F. Twort(1915) and F. d ‘Herelle (1917) independently discovered bacteriophages.
A bacteriophage infects bacteria by inserting its genetic material into the host cell. To do this, the bacteriophage attaches itself to the surface of the host with tail fibers. Afterward, the genetic material uses the bacteria's replication apparatus to duplicate itself. To do this, it utilizes the ribosomes in the bacteria to translate the bacteriophage's genetic material and generate viral proteins. It also utilizes the host cell's amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids. The metabolic functions of the bacteriophage are dependent on the host bacteria.
Bacteriophages attacking Escherichia coli are called coliphages or T-phages. Max Delbruck (1938) numbered coliphages as T-even phages (T2, T4, T6 etc.) and T-odd phages (T1, T3, T5 etc.).
Composition
There are two main components of a bacteriophage: nucleic acid and protein. The bacteriophage carries ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The bases that make up the genetic material of the bacteriophage are slightly different than those that make up the genetic material of the host bacteria. This prevents the host's replication enzymes from cleaving the genetic material of the bacteriophage.The proteins of the bacteriophage are responsible for binding to the host bacteria and transferring the genetic material. The proteins also protect the genetic material from enzymes
Structure:
Head: is prism like hexagonal having length 950 A0 and breadth 650 A0,tail is also 950 A0 in length, joined to head by neck and collar, tail is having hollow core of 80 A0 and is surrounded by tail sheath. It consists of ds DNA core surrounded by protein coat called capsid which is formed of ~ 2000 capsomeres.Neck: is the head tail connector consists of a collar or a disc and several whiskersTail: is the narrow cylindrical part. It has central hollow core or tube through which viral DNA is injected into the host. The core is surrounded by sheath proteins.Base plate: is the hexagonal plate with tail fibres, usually 6 in number and used for attachment to the host cell wall during infection. Tail fibres can recognize specific receptor sites in the host cell wall.
A bacteriophage infects bacteria by inserting its genetic material into the host cell. To do this, the bacteriophage attaches itself to the surface of the host with tail fibers. Afterward, the genetic material uses the bacteria's replication apparatus to duplicate itself. To do this, it utilizes the ribosomes in the bacteria to translate the bacteriophage's genetic material and generate viral proteins. It also utilizes the host cell's amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids. The metabolic functions of the bacteriophage are dependent on the host bacteria.
Bacteriophages attacking Escherichia coli are called coliphages or T-phages. Max Delbruck (1938) numbered coliphages as T-even phages (T2, T4, T6 etc.) and T-odd phages (T1, T3, T5 etc.).
Composition
There are two main components of a bacteriophage: nucleic acid and protein. The bacteriophage carries ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The bases that make up the genetic material of the bacteriophage are slightly different than those that make up the genetic material of the host bacteria. This prevents the host's replication enzymes from cleaving the genetic material of the bacteriophage.The proteins of the bacteriophage are responsible for binding to the host bacteria and transferring the genetic material. The proteins also protect the genetic material from enzymes
Structure:
Head: is prism like hexagonal having length 950 A0 and breadth 650 A0,tail is also 950 A0 in length, joined to head by neck and collar, tail is having hollow core of 80 A0 and is surrounded by tail sheath. It consists of ds DNA core surrounded by protein coat called capsid which is formed of ~ 2000 capsomeres.Neck: is the head tail connector consists of a collar or a disc and several whiskersTail: is the narrow cylindrical part. It has central hollow core or tube through which viral DNA is injected into the host. The core is surrounded by sheath proteins.Base plate: is the hexagonal plate with tail fibres, usually 6 in number and used for attachment to the host cell wall during infection. Tail fibres can recognize specific receptor sites in the host cell wall.
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T even bacteriophages are the viral structures having double standard DNA.
These are the most complex organisms With head and tail.
Their reproduction occurs only in host cell and the genetic material is injected into the host cell.
T odd phages are the viral structures having single standard DNA structure.They have very typical and complex symmetry.
They have a protein capsid.
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