Question

distinguish between the characteristics of sportmen: during, pre and post competition​

Answer 1

The aims of this study were to examine (a) the effects of competition-related and competition-extraneous concerns on affective states;

(b) the relationships of primary and secondary appraisal with affective states and

(c) the main and moderating effects of personality traits on pre- and post-competition affects.

●Thirty-nine male elite martial artists were assessed on 12 affective states, concerns and dimensions of primary and secondary appraisal at five random times a day across 1 week before and 3 days after a competition.

●On the competition day, they were assessed 1 h before and immediately after the contest.

●Competitive trait anxiety, neuroticism and extraversion were measured at the start of the study.

●The competition was the most significant and stressful event experienced in the examined period and had a pervasive influence on athletes' affective states.

●All examined appraisal and personality factors were somewhat associated with pre- and post-competition affective states.

●Competitive trait anxiety was a key moderator of the relationship between cognitive appraisal and affective states.

●This study supports the idea that cognitive appraisal and situational and personality factors exert main and interactive effects on athletes' pre- and post-competition affects.

●These factors need to be accounted for in planning of emotion regulation interventions.

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