Question

do all electrons have the same average velocity and why

Answer 1

heya friend..
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here is your answer...
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If you are asking about the motion of electrons in a conductor at room temperature then it will help you…

First ,what's an average velocity is ..

Avg.velocity =(sum of the velocities of electrons)/total no. of electrons

And as you know velocity is a vector quantity and it adds up using vector law …

Now as there are approximately 10^29 electrons per m^3 in a conductor ,it means if you take a wire of 10cm(0.1m)long and 1mm(0.001m) in radius then you will have {3.14×0.000001×0.1×10^29=3.14×10^22} electrons, such a huge number ,so in this conditions you can't think how many are going in any fixed direction and also it can be observed that there is no electric current(~0A) in wire at room temperature and because of this evidence we can assume that the average velocity of electrons is zero (i.e,.no. of electrons going in any direction is equals to the no. of electrons going in the opposite direction)..so the net flow is zero and therefore avg. Velocity is also zero in the absence of any external force and field …

I think u got it..

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