Do earth's aphelion and perihelion have any noticeable effects?
Answers
Explanation:
The Earth's orbit isn't very eccentric. At perihelion, the Earth is about 147,000,000km from the Sun. At aphelion is is about 152,000,000km from the Sun. So, the difference is only about 3%.
Also, perihelion happens around 3 January and aphelion happens around 3 July. At perihelion the Southern hemisphere is in Summer and receives more sunlight due to being slightly closer to the Sun. At aphelion the Northern hemisphere is in Summer.
As the Southern hemisphere is mainly ocean, it retains its heat during the Winter months. In fact the whole planet is a few degrees warmer at aphelion in July than it is at perihelion in January!
The apses are precessing. This means that perihelion is getting later by about a day every 70 years. In about 12,000 years, perihelion will be in the Northern hemisphere Summer. When this happens the effect of perihelion and aphelion will be much more noticeable
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The planet we call home is cruising at approximately 67,000 miles toward what is known as aphelion. Earth will reach this point at 3:41 pm EDT this afternoon. Perihelion occurred on January 4.
So what does the word aphelion mean? The AMS Glossary defines it as: "the point on the orbit of the earth (or any other body in orbit around the sun) that is farthest from the sun; the opposite of perihelion."
The words originate from ancient Greece, with peri meaning close and apo meaning far away. Helios stands for sun.
As the graphic above indicates, the difference in miles from the sun between the extreme points in the eccentricity of the Earth is about 3.1 million miles. That seems like a lot, right? That amount of difference has to have a noticeable impact on the weather across the planet, one would think.
However, that is not the case. Seasonal variations in the weather play a much greater role. When the Earth is closest to the sun, the tilt of our planet's axis is away from the sun. The northern hemisphere is in the throes of winter and the coldest temperatures of the year, while the southern hemisphere is their summer season.
The same doesn't hold true for other planets, which is a reminder of how extraordinary our planet is. It is just the right distance away from the sun for life to be sustainable.
When Mars is at perihelion, the planet is warmer and its signature dust storms are more frequent and longer lasting.
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