Do the ing verbs function as gerunds in the sentences or as participles ? write gerund or participle. 1.The dengue mosquito breeds in fresh standing water. 2.standing for hours in the sun made him very ill. 3.sitting too long with out exercise can make the feet swollen. 4. An easy or unprotected target is called a sitting duck. 5. it is said that planning is essential for success 6. I have downloaded a useful planning app on my mobile. 7. The hall seemed to be full of crying babies . 8.The crying of the baby woke up the mother. 9. There were experts on both sides in the debating teams. 10. Debating was my favourite co-curricular activity in school
Answers
The English language does not use many grammatical "endings", but some of those it does use have several different functions. The -ing ending is one of them. Words ending in -ing can be gerunds, verbal nouns, or present participles. Distinguishing (= gerund) between these, and using them correctly is not always easy – until you understand these three simple rules.
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Definitions
The gerund is a verb which is used as if it were a noun (Examples 1 & 2 below). Since it is a verb, it can not be qualified by an adjective, nor preceded by an article, but, like other forms of the verb, it can be modified by an adverb and take a complement .
A verbal noun (Examples 3 & 4) is a noun formed from a verb; some verbal nouns end in -ing.
Verbal nouns, like other nouns, can take a determiner, and be qualified by adjectives.
A participle is an adjective or part of a participial phrase qualifying a noun or a pronoun. (Examples 5 et 6). The present participle is also used in the progressive aspect of verb tenses (Examples 7 & 8).
See the differences of use that are illustrated by these examples.
Words in -ing: Gerund, noun or present participle (and progressive verb form)
Seeing is believing.
Living cheaply in New York is quite possible.
The book was easy reading !
He managed to make a good living.
Smiling, the lady told them they'd won the big prize.
I heard them arguing last night.
I'm taking my brother to the station tonight
The man was phoning his friend, when the lights went out.
2. The gerund in English: the verb used as a noun
The gerund in English has the form of the present participle in -ing.
It is the most common form of the verb used as a noun, and can be the subject (examples 1 to 7), or the object of a sentence (8 & 9) , or follow prepositions (10 to 13).
Examples:
Seeing is believing.
Reading that book was very interesting.
Drinking is essential
Drinking too much pop can make you fat.
Taking the bus was rather a good idea.
Swimming regularly is very good exercise.
Taking too many aspirins is dangerous.
I really like sailing .
This article really needs completely rewriting.
He drove two hundred miles without ever stopping.
I look forward to seeing you again next week.
I'm thinking of painting my house.
I started by carefully turning off the electricity
Do you mind shutting the window, please ?
Will you consider taking the job?
I've really enjoyed meeting you.
Hope it helps ☺️☘️