Do we have to include the minus sign of charge while calculating electric field? Also do we use this for indicating -ve surface charge densities?
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Charge conservation is a physical law that states that the change in the amount of electric charge in any volume of space is exactly equal to the amount of charge flowing into the volume minus the amount of charge flowing out of the volume. In essence, charge conservation is an accounting relationship between the amount of charge in a region and the flow of charge into and out of that region.
Mathematically, we can state the law as a continuity equation:
{\displaystyle Q(t_{2})\ =\ Q(t_{1})+Q_{\rm {IN}}-Q_{\rm {OUT}}.} Q(t_{2})\ =\ Q(t_{1})+Q_{\rm {IN}}-Q_{\rm {OUT}}.
Q(t) is the quantity of electric charge in a specific volume at time t, QIN is the amount of charge flowing into the volume between time t1 and t2, and QOUT is the amount of charge flowing out of the volume during the same time period.
Mathematically, we can state the law as a continuity equation:
{\displaystyle Q(t_{2})\ =\ Q(t_{1})+Q_{\rm {IN}}-Q_{\rm {OUT}}.} Q(t_{2})\ =\ Q(t_{1})+Q_{\rm {IN}}-Q_{\rm {OUT}}.
Q(t) is the quantity of electric charge in a specific volume at time t, QIN is the amount of charge flowing into the volume between time t1 and t2, and QOUT is the amount of charge flowing out of the volume during the same time period.
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