Do you satisfy with the working system of local level in federal system? Give reason.
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Answer:
Three-level government – federal, state/provincial and local government – is
common to all federal systems; however, the place and role of local government
in those systems vary markedly. In some, local government is a constitutionally
recognised sphere of government, while in others it is merely a competence of
the state/provincial government. Nevertheless, local government has an
increasing role in the governance of federal countries, placing new demands on
the theory and practice of federalism. Moreover, its status is changing along
with its new role.
The constitutional recognition of local government as an order of
government in federal systems is a modern phenomenon. The first federal
constitutions of the modern era did not include local government as an order
of government. The Constitution of the United States of 1787 was silent on the
matter, as was the Swiss Constitution of 1848. In the Canadian Constitution of
1867, local government was mentioned only as a provincial field of
competence. The Australian Federal Constitution of 1901, being silent on the
matter, had the same effect – making local government a creature of state
power.
It was only after the Second World War that local self-government
increasingly appeared in federal constitutions, often coinciding with the return
to democratic rule. The first was the Constitution of the Federal Republic of
Germany of 1949. Although the Spanish Constitution of 1978 was focused on
the creation of Autonomous Communities, local autonomy was nevertheless
mentioned. Brazil’s return to civilian rule was also marked by the extensive
protection of local self-government in the Constitution of 1988. The
entrenchment of local government in the 73rd and 74th amendments to the
Indian Constitution in 1992 was prompted by developmental concerns, while
the extensive protection of local self-government in the South African
Constitution of 1996 was the result of both democratic and developmental
goals. Similar sentiments informed the entrenchment of local government as an
order of government in the Nigerian Constitution of 1999.
In contrast to these developments, the recognition of local government in
the Swiss Constitution of 1999 merely reflected the practice on the ground. In
Italy, the constitutional reform initiatives of 1999 and 2001, entrenching
decentralisation, have seen the recognition of regions, provinces and
municipalities.
The trend is to increase the role of local authorities in the provision of
services. Local authorities are seen as engines for growth and development, and
more and more functions are being downloaded on them. This places
considerable stress on local government to finance new responsibilities. With
the increased status and role of local government, intergovernmental relations
between the three levels of government have not only become more complex,
but also critical for the demarcation of responsibilities and effective cooperation
in service delivery. Hope it helps mar the brainliest answer