does loneliness mediate the relation between social support and cognitive functioning in later life?
Answers
most critical step. Recognize the problem. Once the problem has been recognized, the decision maker must clearly state the ethical question, considering all aspects. If the decisions at hand are a simple matter of right and wrong, no process of ethical decision making is required.
Collect info
gather information to make an informed decision. Information regarding the values of the parties involved, including those of the health care provider is needed.
State the options
Brainstorming to identify all possible options. Often the best decision is not the first to come to mind. This step forces one to stop and view the situation from all angles. It requires an open mind to recognize there is often more than one answer to a problem.
Apply the Ethical principles to the options
Focus on the ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) and ethical values and concepts (paternalism, confidentiality, and informed consent). One or more of these will apply to most situations. State how each alternative will impact on the ethical principle or rule by developing a list of pros and cons. Do this for each option. This process will help you see what ethical principles are in conflict in the situation. Refer to the ADHA Code of Ethics for guidance.
Make the decision
While keeping in mind the Pros and Cons list made, weigh the options with pros VS cons. Then weigh the seriousness of the cons, remembering that the patient's needs/interests are first. Most of the time the decision becomes obvious. The practitioner should "replay" each principle against the decision to see if it still upholds.
Implement the Decision
If this step is not taken the whole decision process would be futile. Many appropriate decisions are never implemented because this step is omitted.