Does temperature affect the maximum size that you can inflate a balloon?
Answers
The volume that a given parcel of air takes up is dependent on the Ideal Gas Law:
PV=nRT
P=pressure,
V=volume,
n=number of moles (similar to number of gas atoms)
R=constant
T = temperature
According to this equation, if Temperature on the right hand side goes up then volume on the left hand side will also have to go up for them to still be equal.
To put this in simpler terms, heat is energy, when you run really fast your body heats up, your body is burning lots of energy and it creates heat. You can think of heat as the byproduct of things moving fast.
If you rub your hands together really quickly, they will be warm too. In a balloon when the temperature increases, the individual gas molecules that you can't see but that make up gases start moving really fast. When the molecules are moving fast under higher temperatures, they run into the sides of the balloon more often making the balloon bigger. Basically a warmer temperature leads to higher energy gas molecules which take up more space since they are moving faster. If you cool down the temperature, the gas molecules slow down and they take up less space.